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Collection  >  Order (Birds)  >  Order Information (Passeriformes)

Passeriformes

Passeriformes, from Latin passer (“sparrow”) and Latin -fōrmis (“-shaped”), in reference to the fact that these animals are all sparrow-shaped and sparrow-related.

Passers, sparrows, finches, ravens and crows.

Photos

DISTRIBUTION

All continents except Antarctica and most oceanic islands.

SIZE

They range in size from 6.5 cm in length and 4.2 g in weight up to 70 cm in length and 1.5 kg in weight.

MORPHOLOGY

The most species rich order among birds and of all terrestrial vertebrates, they are normally small and colorful, varying in relation to the habitat and ecological niche they occupy. They have a short beak and an unique adaptation on their legs for perching. When the leg bends, a tendon at the back of the leg that connects the muscle behind the tibiotarsus to the bottom of the toes will automatically pull and tighten, causing the foot to curl and stiffen when the bird lands on a limb. This allows passerines to snooze without sliding off their perch. Anisodactyl arrangement refers to a passerine's foot's three forward-pointing toes and one backward-pointing toe. The long rear toe, or hallux, connects to the leg at a point about parallel to the front toes. They have complex muscles in their voice box or syrinx allowing them to sing songs.

ECOLOGY & HABITAT

All terrestrial environments.

DIET

Most are carnivorous, feeding mostly on insects, some eat fishes and other small invertebrates. Some are omnivorous, feeding also on seeds, fruits, leaves and nectar.

REPRODUCTION

They have 3 types of nests: open cup-shaped nests, hole nest, and domed nest. Nest sites vary: holes in the ground, trees, rock crevices, etc., as the materials (mud, grasses, hair and feathers, bark strips, plant fibers, etc.) Generally, females are responsible for incubating the eggs, while males are responsible for finding food and feeding the young.

REFERENCES

del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A. (2010). Handbook of the Birds of the World Series. Lynx Edicions.

Lovette, I. J., Fitzpatrick, J. W. (2016). Handbook of Bird Biology. Wiley-Blackwell.

Gill, F. B., Prum, R. O. (2019). Ornithology. W.H. Freeman & Co. Ltd.

Total species known

6595

Species in the collection

40

Species in Hong Kong

287

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